1 1/3'
a mutation stop that sounds two octaves and a fifth above the written pitch, usually called Larigot
1 3 /5'
a mutation stop that sounds two octaves and a third above the written pitch, usually called Tierce
2'
indicates a stop that sounds two octaves above the written pitch ,
2 2/3'
a mutation stop that sounds an octave and a fifth above the written pitch, usually called Nazard or Twelfth
3'
another name for a 2 2/3' stop
4'
indicates a stop or coupler that sounds an octave above the written pitch
5 1/3'
a stop that sounds a fifth above the written pitch
8'
indicates a stop or coupler that sounds at the written pitch
16'
indicates a stop or coupler that sounds an octave below the written pitch
32'
a stop that sounds two octaves below the written pitch
Action
the parts of an organ that connect the keys with the pipes
Antiphonal
a division of the organ that is separate from the rest of the pipes; also question and answer effects
Bellows
an apparatus of wood and folded leather that collects wind and delivers it to the wind chest
Blower
an electric fan that provides wind for the pipes
Bombarde
a division of the organ, also a large reed stop
Bourdon
a stopped flute stop of metal or wood
Case
the wood box built around the pipes, to focus and blend their sound
Celeste
a rank of pipes tuned slightly sharp to cause beats with its companion rank
Chamber
a room housing the pipes of an organ, opening into the main room
Chest
the box on which pipes stand, filled with air
Choir
a division of the organ, usually played from the lowest of three manuals, often enclosed
Choralbass
a 4' principal stop found in the pedal division
"Chorus" reeds
reed stops designed to be used in combinations with flues
Clarion
a trumpet stop, usually at 4' pitch
"Color" reeds
reed stops designed to be used as solo stops
Combination action
a device allowing the organist to change stops with buttons or toe studs
Console
the control center of the organ
Cornet
a combination of stops at 8', 4', 2 2/3', 2', and 1 3/5'
Coupler
a device that makes the pipes from one division sound on another keyboard than its own, or at another octave
Crescendo pedal
a pedal that brings on stops and couplers gradually
Cromorne
a reed stop of the clarinet family
Cut-up
the height of a flue pipe mouth
Cymbal
a high-pitched mixture
Diapason
a flue pipe with basic organ tone
Division
a section of the organ, usually with its own keyboard and pipes
Dulzian
a reed stop in the clarinet family
Echo
a division of the organ, usually enclosed and across the room from the rest of the pipes
Electric action
action that uses electricity to open and close the pipe valves
En chamade
the placement of reed pipes on their sides to project their tone
English Horn
a color reed stop in romantic organs
Erzähler
a hybrid flue stop with a sound between a flute and a string, usually soft
Façade
the front of the organ chamber or case
Fagott
"bassoon" in German; a reed stop of the oboe family
"Floating" division
a division that has no special keyboard, but plays by being coupled to another keyboard
Flue
an organ pipe that makes sound by setting a column of air vibrating
Flute
a flue pipe of wide scale, made of wood or metal
Fourniture
a mixture
French Horn
a color reed stop in romantic organs
Fundamental
the bottom pitch in the harmonic series
Gallery
a balcony, one of the places organs are located
Gamba
a string stop, named after the early instrument
Gedeckt
the German name for a stopped flute pipe
Gemshorn
a hybrid flue stop with a sound between a flute and a string
Grand Orgue
the French name for the Great division
Great
the main division of an organ, usually played from the lower of two or the middle of three manuals
Harmonic
one of the series of high pitches that are present in musical tones produced by natural means
Hauptwerk
the German name for the Great division
Hautbois
the French name for oboe
Krummhorn
a reed stop of the clarinet family
Languid
the "block" of a metal pipe that sends the wind against the upper lip
Larigot
a mutation stop of 1 1/3' that sounds two octaves and a fifth above the written pitch
Mechanical action
action that uses rods called "trackers" to connect the keys with the pipe valves
Mitered pipe
a pipe bent to fit into limited space
Mixture
a stop of more than one rank of pipes at various high pitches
Montre
the French word for principal, from the verb "to show" - meaning the pipes that show in the case
Mutation
a rank of pipes that sounds a non-octave pitch above the written note
Nazard
a mutation stop of 2 2/3' that sounds an octave and a fifth above the written pitch
Oboe
a reed stop used as a solo and in combinations
Octave
an interval of eight scale tones; a principal rank, usually sounding an octave above the main principal rank in any division
Orchestral Oboe
a solo reed stop found in romantic organs
Organo Pleno
the term used for principal chorus with mixture
Partial
any of the harmonics above the fundamental in the harmonic series
Pistons
buttons and toe studs that change stops and couplers and may be set by the organist
Plein Jeu
literally "full stops"; the French term for Organo Pleno; one of the names for a mixture
Plenum
another word for principal chorus with mixture
Pommer
a flute stop
Posaune
literally "trombone"; the German name for a low-pitched reed stop of the trumpet family
Positif, Positiv
German and French for Positive - a division of the organ, usually open and bright in sound
Prestant
a principal stop
Principal
the type of pipe that makes typical organ tone
Principal Chorus
principal stops at 8', 4', 2', sometimes 16', 2 2/3' with mixture(s)
Quintadena
a flute stop voiced to sound its third partial prominently
Quinte
a stop of 2 2/3' pitch, usually made of principal pipes
Rank
a row of pipes of one tone color brought into play by a stop knob or tablet
Rankett
a reed stop with short resonators
Récit
the French name for the Swell division
Reed
an organ pipe that makes sound by the vibration of a reed against a hollow tube called a "shallot"
Regal
a reed stop with short resonators
Register
another name for stop
Resonator
the body of a reed pipe, which amplifies and modifies the sound of the reed itself
Reversible
a piston that turns something both on and off
Romantic
refers to instruments and music of the 19th century or in that style
Salicional
a string stop
Scale
a series of diatonic notes; the relationship of the diameter to the length of a flue pipe
Schalmei
a reed stop of the oboe family
Scharf
a mixture
Schwellwerk
the German name for the Swell division
Sesquialtera
the name for a stop which pulls two ranks - 2 2/3' and I 3/5 - into play
Sforzando
a name for the tutti combination piston
Shallot
the hollow brass tube against which the reed vibrates in a reed pipe
Shutters
the wooden slats that enclose a swell box
Solid State
combination action controlled by a small computer, containing several memories so that the entire organ can be set up several times at once
Solo
a division of the organ that contains solo stops and often loud reeds, usually played from the top of four manuals
Specification
a list of the stops or ranks found in an organ
Spotted metal
a combination of tin and lead used for metal flue pipes
Stop
the knob or tablet that pulls a rank of pipes into play
Stopped Diapason
a flute stop
Stopped pipe
a flue pipe that is closed at the top with a cap or stopper, making it sound an octave lower than an open pipe of the same length
Strings
flue pipes of narrow scale, voiced to have many harmonics
Swell
a division of the organ enclosed in a box with shutters
Tempered
tuning that is not mathematically exact, but adjusted to allow for performance in all keys
Tierce
a 1 3/5' mutation stop that sounds two octaves and a third above the written pitch
Toe Stud
a large button near the pedal keyboard that operates a piston
Tracker
a rod that connects the key to the pipe valve in mechanical-action organs
Tremolo
a device that shakes the wind, making the sound of the pipes waver
Trombone
a low-pitched reed stop of the trumpet family
Trumpet
a reed stop whose pipes have conical resonators
Tuba
a reed stop of the trumpet family, often on high wind pressure
Tutti
a piston that brings on full organ, usually reversible
Twelfth
a mutation stop of 2 2/3' pitch, usually made of principal pipes
Viola da Gamba
a string stop
Voix Céleste
a rank of string pipes tuned sharp to cause beats with its companion rank
Vox Humana
literally "human voice"; a reed stop with short resonators
Windchest
a box on which the pipes stand, filled with air
Zimbelstern
a wheel with bells on it, used as a special effect on some organs
Zink
a reed stop with short resonators